Powerloom Clusters in India


History of Power Weaving:
Researchers have found some of the earliest evidence of humans using clothing in a cave in Morocco, with the discovery of bone tools and bones from skinned animals suggesting the practice dates back at least 120,000 years.
According to the Institute of Human Researchers adds this evidence to the long list of hallmark human behaviours that begin to appear in the archaeological record of Africa around 100,000 years ago.
The idea of starting industrial textiles factory production of cotton cloth and yarn in India took shape during the early part of the nineteenth century. 
The first cotton mill in India was established in Calcutta in 1818. The second cotton mill came into existence in 1830 in Bengal. 
The industry however found its most hospitable home in western India and especially in Mumbai. The first cotton textile mill called the Bombay Spinning and Weaving mill came into existence in Bombay in February 1856.
The Indian textile industry consists of:
1.Traditional Handlooms with  primitive technology.
2.Powerlooms which is a technologically improved form of handlooms.
3. Companies incorporating textiles mill with advanced technology.
Handlooms is more scattered and spread throughout the country, and is seen in the villages, powerlooms is decentralized
scattered in and around weavers centers and the mills which is well organized and integrated to a large extent, a part of which is composited having spinning, weaving, and processing under the same roof.
There was a change in the fortunes of the industry when yarn and cloth began to be produced on a mass scale on power-driven machines. 
The household enterprise handlooms could not face the changing situation. From sunrise to sundown a handloom weaver could not turn out four yards of cloth, while a Powerloom on the same hour produces ten times the quality and quantity. 
The advent of textiles mills in the country was in the great interest of the situation. 
The birth of the industry was the necessity of the environment. Indian mills slowly replaced imported yarn and started supplying yarn to the handloom sector; the use of mill yarn by handloom weavers has brought a profound change in the social and economic status of the handloom weavers.
*The Inception of Powerlooms in India:* 
There are no authentic records to indicate the first introduction of the power loom in the country. 
The First powerloom unit started in Ichalkranji town in Maharashtra in 1904 was also the first to start in the decentralized sector in India.
Conclusion:
Currently, modernization in looms is not satisfactory and the Indian industry still lags significantly behind the US, China, Europe, and Taiwan, etc. Most of the looms currently in the country are shuttle-less. 
There are less than 15,000 modern looms, whereas traditional looms are in large numbers. Value addition and the manufacturing of fabrics according to customer’s compliances, is not possible due to the obsolete technology of looms3. 
In the light of the above background, various challenges and adversities being faced by weavers.
The Powerlooms occupies a pivotal position in the Indian textile industry. Though current growth of this sector has been restricted by technological obsolescence, fragmented structure, low productivity, and low-end quality products, in future Technology would play a lead role in this sector and will improve quality and productivity levels. Innovations are also be happening in this sector.
To reap benefits of these developments Powerlooms has to prepare itself for drastic technological changes and will have to focus on areas such as Technology up-gradation: modernization of Powerloom Service Centres and testing facilities; Clustering of facilities to achieve optimum levels of production; Welfare schemes for ensuring a healthy and safe working environment for the workers in future.
GaviRangappa S P.
Devanga's Vidhana.
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